Because the Irish have a bad reputation
Indice
Irish immigrants settled mainly in Buenos Aires, the province of the same name, and the coastal provinces. Those in urban areas worked as laborers, tradesmen, clerks, artisans, teachers, professionals and, increasingly after the 1860s and especially for women, in domestic service. The Irish in the countryside worked as rural laborers, stockmen, and shepherds. Those who were in the flourishing sheep-breeding business of 1840-1890 were more likely to be successful working as shepherds and sharing half or a third of the wool and lamb production. In this way, some of them (very few compared to the total) managed to rent and later buy the land.
In Curumalal, Buenos Aires, and Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Eduardo Casey helped to populate the sparsely populated agricultural provinces by inviting more Irish and other immigrants to Argentina to work for him. This referral system was very active and with almost unlimited amounts of land available, many Irish immigrants went to improve economically. This industry expanded to other places, finally flourishing in the rest of Santa Fe, Entre Rios and Cordoba, thus beginning the Irish colonization in the interior of the country.
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Among the various groups of foreigners who settled in Mexico throughout the 19th century, the study of the Irish has not been approached in detail by specialists who have dealt with non-national minorities from economic, social, demographic and cultural parameters.1
On the historiographical production of the presence of foreigners in Mexico, see PLA, Dolores and Guadalupe ZÁRATE (et al). Extranjeros en México (1821-1990). Bibliografía. Mexico: INAH, 1994; PÉREZ ACEVEDO, Martín. Inmigrantes transatlánticos en México durante el Porfiriato: algunas consideraciones para un estado de la cuestión. In: RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ, María del Rosario and Lisette Griselda RIVERA REYNALDOS (coords.). El Porfiriato y la Revolución Mexicana. Construcciones sociales, instituciones políticas y miradas desde la historiografía. Morelia: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 2012. p. 29-55.
Therefore, the objective of this paper will focus on pointing out some specific aspects of the presence of the Irish in Mexico in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in order to provide general elements to establish an approximate profile of the group, as well as its particularities or similarities with other groups of foreigners established in the country.
Irish Surnames
Half of the Irish immigrants to the United States in its colonial era (1607-1775) came from the Irish province of Ulster, while the other half came from the other three provinces (Leinster, Munster, and Connacht).[15] In the 17th century, immigration from Ireland to the Thirteen Colonies was minimal,[16] confined mainly to male servants who were primarily Catholic[17][18] and peaked at 8. 000 penal transports of prisoners of war to the Chesapeake Colonies from the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in the 1650s (out of a total of approximately 10,000 Catholic immigrants from Ireland to the United States prior to the American Revolutionary War in 1775).[19][20][19][19][20] The indentured servitude in the Thirteen Colonies was a major factor in the spread of Catholic indentured servitude to the Thirteen Colonies.
Indentured servitude in British America arose in part due to the high cost of passage across the Atlantic Ocean,[21][22] and, as a result, to which colonies indentured servants emigrated depended on which colonies their employers chose to emigrate to. [23] While the Colony of Virginia passed laws prohibiting the free exercise of Catholicism during the colonial period,[24] the General Assembly of the Province of Maryland enacted laws in 1639 protecting freedom of religion (following the instructions of a 1632 letter from Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore to his brother Leonard Calvert, the first proprietary governor of Maryland), and the Maryland General Assembly later passed the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 explicitly guaranteeing such privileges for Catholics.[25] The General Assembly of Maryland later passed the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 explicitly guaranteeing such privileges for Catholics.[25] The Maryland General Assembly also passed the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649.
Irish emigration to the United States
Another example of an individual who motivated Irish immigration and increased Irish presence in Mexico was James Power, who founded a new Irish settlement under Mexican jurisdiction in the state of Texas. Because of his efforts, the laws in Texas particularly favored Irish immigration.
Since 1821 Mexico manifested the intention to colonize the northwest of Mexico with Irish immigrants mainly in Texas, Coahuila and Nuevo Santander, today Tamaulipas, through concessions to businessmen, which gave birth to the Irish colonies founded at the end of the same decade in the Mexican state of Coahuila and Texas, the organized arrival of Irish to Mexico had begun in 1825. Added to this background was the passage of the state colonization law in Coahuila and Texas on March 24, 1825, and entered into 21 contracts for the establishment of settlers in its territory.[16] The federal government had little money to spare.
The federal government had little money to spare for the military, so the colonists were empowered to create their own militias to help control the hostile native tribes. The Chihuahua-Texas border region faced frequent raids by Apache and Comanche tribes. In the hope that an influx of settlers could control the attacks, the government liberalized its immigration policies, and settlers from the United States were allowed to pass through into Mexico.[17] The government was also allowed to establish a new immigration policy.